Who Was Alexis de Tocqueville

Alexis-Charles-Henri Clà ©rel de Tocqueville was a French legal and political scholar, politician, and historian who is most well known as the author of the book  Democracy in America, published in two volumes in 1835 and 1840. Though not a sociologist by training or trade, Tocqueville is recognized as one of the thinkers that inspired the discipline due to his focus on social observation, his knack for situating current events in historical context (now considered a cornerstone of the sociological imagination), and his interest in the causes of certain social patterns and trends, and of differences among societies.  In all of his works, Tocqueville’s interests lied in the positive and negative consequences of various forms of democracy on various aspects of social life, from economics and law to religion and art. Biography and Intellectual History Alexis de Tocqueville was born on July 29, 1805 in Paris, France.  He was the great-grandson of the statesman Chretien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, a liberal aristocratic victim of the  French Revolution  and a political model for Tocqueville. He was educated by a private tutor until high school and then attended high school and college in Metz, France. He studied law in Paris and worked as a substitute judge in Versailles.   In 1831, Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont, a friend and colleague, traveled to the United States to study prison reforms  and spent nine months in the country. They hoped to return to France with knowledge of a society that would make them fit to help shape France’s political future.   The trip produced the first joint book published by the two,  On the Penitentiary System in the United States and its Application in France,  as well as the first part of Tocqueville’s Democracy in America. Tocqueville spent the next four years working on the final portion of  Democracy in America, which was published in 1840. Largely due to the success of the book, Tocqueville was named to the Legion of Honor, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and the French Academy. The book was and remains so popular because it deals with issues such as religion, the press, money, class structure, racism, the role of government, and the judicial system – issues that are just as relevant today as they were then. A great deal of colleges in the U.S. use  Democracy in America  in political science, history, and sociology courses, and historians consider it one of the most comprehensive and insightful books ever written about the U.S. Later, Tocqueville toured England, which inspired the book, Memoir on Pauperism. Another book,  Travail sur l’Algerie, was written after Tocqueville spent time in  Algeria in 1841 and 1846. During this time he developed a critique of  assimilationist model French colonialism, which he shared in the book. In 1848 Tocqueville became an elected member of the Constituent Assembly  and served on the Commission responsible for creating the new Constitution of the Second Republic. Then, In 1849, he became Frances Minister of Foreign Affairs. The next year President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte removed him from his post, after which  Tocqueville became quite ill. In 1851 he was imprisoned for opposing Bonaparte’s coup and was barred from holding further political offices. Tocqueville then retreated to private life and wrote  L’Ancien Regime et la Revolution. The first volume of the book was  published in 1856, but Tocqueville was unable to complete the second before he died of tuberculosis in 1859. Major Publications The U.S. Penitentiary System and its Application in France (1833) Democracy in America (1835-1840) The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856) Recollections (1893) Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Theories Of The Sociological Imagination - 976 Words

When an ordinary individual tries to understand the social world we see that the individual lives too much in the here and now to understand the complex world around them. So, you may ask how the individual above can make sense of the complex world around them. The answer is simple by looking at the world like any great social analysts would. They do this through C. Wright Mills sociological imagination. To understand the Sociological imagination we first need to understand what the term means. It is the process of the mind which allows us to understand the relationship between our individual lives (personal experience) and the larger social forces (public issues) (Ferris, P.12). By understanding the framework listed above we can see how the social world far surpasses the way we perceive certain notions in our everyday lives. In other words when ordinary individuals first think about their problems they think of their personal experiences which in turn makes them overlook the bigger picture of the problems. During our personal experiences we are the actors and actresses that make choices about our friends, family, school and other issues within our control (Chapter 02). The bigger picture or public issues also known as social facts are imbedded in society rather than the individual which means their out of the individuals control like society’s organizations and processes. To understand this better let’s look at an example. College students have a choice to make whenShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Sociological Imagination870 Words   |  4 Pagesexamining a social phenomenon. One well known sociologist is C. Wright Mills. Mills came up with the concept of sociological imagination. It is used to describe the ability of individuals to think away from routines that they are used to in everyday life and look at them from an entirely new perspective. Using this concept, mills applied it to asking and answering imaginative thoughts of sociological questions. Mills came up with three questions that many thinkers have consistently asked in their investigationsRead MoreCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experience s and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is based on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreEssay about Sociology Midterm955 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1. Define the sociological perspective or imagin ation, cite its components, and explain how they were defended by C. Wright Mills. The sociological imagination is defined as being a way of thinking that helps us use information or data to form theories about the social patterns around us. We collect information and from that information we may make judgments or prediction. However we cannot view society in one’s own point of view. Everyone is different so it is important to not only form our ownRead MoreAnalysis Of Dalton Conley s You May Ask Yourself 1267 Words   |  6 PagesDalton Conley’s book, You May Ask Yourself, defines sociological imagination as, â€Å"The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces† (Conley 2015, pg. A-11). Sociological Imagination is the idea of being able to step outside of the box, and evaluate society from an alternative point of view. Symbolic Interactionism, norms, socialization, and the idea of understanding yourself vs. understanding the social aspect ofRead MoreS ociological Imagination s Critical Review1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination Critical Review Essay â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This is its task and its promise.† C. Wright Mills writes about the sociological imagination in an attempt to have society become aware of the relationship between one’s personal experience in comparison to the wider society. By employing the sociological imagination into the real world, individuals are forced to perceiveRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination By C. Wright Mills1315 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This is its task and its promise.† C. Wright Mills writes about the sociological imagination in an attempt to have society become aware of the relationship between one’s personal experience in comparison to the wider society. By employing the sociological imagination into the real world, individuals ar e forced to perceive, from a neutral position, social structures that, inRead MoreAnalysis of the sociological imagination and its use in sociology.1483 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagnation The sociological imagination is the ability to look at the everyday world and understand how it operates in order to make sense of their lives. It is a state of mind, which enables us to think critically about and understand the society in which we live, and our place in that world as individuals and as a whole. C. Wright Mills, first wrote of the concept in 1959. His understanding of it being that it was a quest for sociological understanding involving a form of consciousnessRead MoreSociology Imagination833 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined sociological imagination as the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society. The sociological imagination is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another: from the political to the psychological; from examination of a single family to comparative assessment of the national budgets of the world; from the theological school to the military establishment; from considerations of an oil industry to studies of contemporary poetry.[1] Sociological Imagination:Read MoreSociological Imagination, Social Construction Of Reality And Socialization902 Words   |  4 PagesThe foundational concepts of sociological imagination, social construction of reality and socialization help us learn more about ourselves and the world. Sociological imagination is the way in which individuals realize the connection between their own experience of reality and the experiences of society as a whole. This realization allows people to make sense of the world around them. When one applies sociological imagination, they are stripping their own personal experiences from their thoughts

Individuals Economics Limitations

Question: 1. Explain why real GDP might not be an unreliable indicator of the standards of living. 2. Why does unemployment arise and what makes some unemployment unavoidable? 3. Consider the following statement: When the average level of prices of goods and services rise, inflation rises' Do you agree or disagree? Explain. 4. What is the aggregate demand (AD) curve and why does it slope downwards? Explain. 5. What is the long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve and why is it vertical? Why does the short-run aggregate supply curve slope upwards? Answer: 1. Using real GDP to measure the wellbeing of individuals in a given economy presents various limitations which make the technique unreliable when it comes to the measuring of the standards of living. One of the reasons why GDP cannot be used to measure the country's living standard is the fact that it does not factor in leisure time. According to Thoma (2016, par. 3), leisure time is an important product which contributes a lot to the economic well-being of an individual. Therefore, keeping other factors constant, the more leisure time we have, the better off we are. GDP does not factor in environmental elements such as air and water pollution. Two economies might be having identical real GDP, but one contains polluted water and air while the other economy doesn't have any pollution. The standard of living between these economies will be different, but this will not be captured in the real GDP. Again, GDP focuses on goods and service which goes through clearly defined markets and ignores those products and services which are usually produced for subsistence purposes and barter trade activities. Barter trade and subsistence farming are among the major economic activities which take place in developing economies and lack of inclusion will mean that the GDP and the living standards are low which is not the case. Additionally, there are other factors which are not directly or completed omitted in the composition of real GDP which makes the method unreliable. They include security, social justice and political freedom, and household production. Structural unemployment occurs due to the long-term decrease in the demand in a particular industry leading to fewer opportunities as demand for human labor declines. (Janoski, Luke, Oliver, 2014, p.78-100). Recent replacement of robots with human labor in various manufacturing industries such as assembly industry is an example of structural unemployment. Apart from the replacement of robots with human labor, structural unemployment might also be as a result of foreign competition brought by globalization and shift in comparative advantage. Voluntary unemployment is also another type of unemployment which arises when individuals decide to stay unemployed instead of taking the jobs opportunities available. 2. Cyclical unemployment also known as demand deficient or Keynesian is caused by lack of demand for the available products and services. It arises when the economy of a given country is below the full capacity. A perfect example is when an economy experiences the recess period whereby the aggregate demand will reduce translating to a decrease in the level of output and adverse economic growth. During this economic period, organizations produce less units of output and may be forced to lay off some of its employees to cut-off some of its fixed costs and reduce redundancies. Frictional unemployment is also another kind of unemployment which occurs during the time people move from one job to another. Some unemployment such as cyclical and structural are unavoidable because firms, economy, and people are always making shifts through the phases of life. 3. I concur with the statement that an increase in the average price of goods and services leads to increase in inflation. According to McMahon (2010, par. 1), inflation is defined as the general increase in prices or a situation where too much money is chasing few goods. Based on the definition, we can infer that there is a connection between inflation and the pricing of average products and services. When there is too much money in circulation, it implies that consumers have more disposable income to spend. Disposable income is defined as the amount which remains with the consumer after the deduction of direct taxes such as PAYE and income taxes. The individual has the choice of whether to consume or save the amount. But due to low-interest income which the consumer is likely to receive as a result of low-interest rates, most consumers will prefer to spend the money instead of saving. The increase in disposable income leads to increase in the level of consumption of consumer goods and services, and this creates demand. According to the law of demand, an increase in demand leads to rising in the prices of the demanded goods and services. Therefore, with the increase in consumer demand and too much in money in circulation, we anticipate the producers to increase the prices which will lead to consumers spending more money than before in buying a particular set of products. Thus, there exist the direct connection between the level of prices and the rate of inflation. 4. Aggregate demand curve refers to the overall demand for final products and services in a given economy at a particular period. The curve presents the quantity of commodities and services which will be purchased by the consumers at various levels of price. (Mankiw, 2011, p.500-521). The inverse relationship between price and real GDP is caused by different reasons. One of the reasons why the curve slopes downward is wealth effect. The AD is based on the assumption that federal government maintains a constant supply of money. An increase in the level of prices leads to a decrease in value of wealth. The value of wealth is calculated based on the money supply. The rise in the prices also leads to decline in the purchasing power of money, and this makes consumers reduce the purchases. On the other hand, a decrease in the rates increases the consumers' purchasing power hence consumers can buy more goods and services. The second reason for the decline in AD curve is interest rates whereby as the interest rates rise, consumers are likely to reduce the transactions which are directly affected by the interest rates. The third reason is the net export effect. When there is an increase in the prices of locally-made products, buyers will consider buying foreign goods since they are slightly cheaper. This will lead to the decline in demand for local goods and increase in demand for foreign products. Exports will also decline, and since net export is a component of GDP, its demand (real GDP) will reduce with a decrease in net exports. 5. The long-run aggregate supply curve refers to a graphical representation of the relationship between the output and price level in the long run. It is an economic period which is sufficient for firms to adjust their factors of production to cater for anticipated economic gains or losses. (Boundless, 2016, par 1-5). The curve is vertical because, in the long run, the amount of products and services produced relies on the labor, natural resources, technology, and capital available in an economy and not the price. Wages and prices are highly flexible, and this implies that when the level of prices changes as a result of either deflation or inflation, salaries and other factors of production adjust fully. For instance, if the prices are doubled or cut by half and the wages adjusted respectively, there will be no effect and the economy will remain at full-employment. The short-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping since the average supply curve is drawn based on a nominal variable such as salary rate. During the short-run, the rate of wages is fixed, and any increase in prices leads to high level of profits as a result of the increase in output. References Boundless. 2016. The Slope of the Long-Run Aggregate Supply Curve. Boundless Economics. [Online]. Available from: https://www.boundless.com/economics/textbooks/boundless-economics-textbook/aggregate-demand-and-supply-24/aggregate-supply-109/the-slope-of-the-long-run-aggregate-supply-curve-418-12515/ [Accessed 2 January 2017]. Janoski, T., Luke, D., Oliver, C. 2014. The causes of structural unemployment: Four factors that keep people from the jobs they deserve. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Mankiw, N. G. 2011. Essentials of economics. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western. McMahon T. 2010. What is the Real Definition of Inflation. [Online]. Available from: https://inflationdata.com/articles/2010/07/21/real-definition-inflation/ [Accessed on 2 January 2017]. Thoma M. 2016. Why GDP fails as a measure of well-being. [Online]. Available from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-gdp-fails-as-a-measure-of-well-being/. [Accessed on 1 January 2017].

Education for Australian Professional Standards -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEducation for Australian Professional Standards. Answer: Introduction and significance The teacher often share significant responsibility in the preparation of young people lives for a successful and productive lives. The Australian Professional Standards for Teachers standards is built on the international and national evidence that the effectiveness of the teacher has a powerful impact on the students (Aitsl.edu.au, 2016).Therefore it is of great significance to note that the quality of the teacher has an impact on the students achievement.Teachers who are effective they tend to provide a consistent and dependable influence on the students as they make their career choices. The significance of the standards The teacher's standards inform on the professional development of the learning goals, providing a framework through which the teachers can assess the students learning and assist them where they require help. The standards contribute to the professionalization of the teachers and profession status raise. The standards are often used as the model of accountability to ensure that teachers demonstrate professionalism in knowledge, practice, and engagement. Two professional goals My selected two standard focus and development during my one month placement at kindergarten comprises of: Plan and implement effective teaching and learning-professional knowledge Know the content and how to teach-professional practice. Professional knowledge Teachers are required to draw on research and expert knowledge to respond to their student's needs based on their educational context. They are aware of how to structure their lesson to meet the needs of the physical intellectual and social development together with their student's characteristics (Education.gov.au, 2016). The area of focus is the content teaching and the strategies of teaching area. The two goals that I have selected are important aspect of professional knowledge and engagement due to the following reasons: I have selected the two goals for standard teaching because, they set goal that is clear and measurable. They inform the teacher on what should be expected as the outcome of the course of study ought to be. Secondly, the selected goal educate the instruction .standards are what the assessments are designed to achieve and support. Lastly the chosen goal help in achievement measuring. They set standard objects that can be measured within the state or across the country to determine the success of the student (EduResearch Matters, 2013). Appropriate strategies and actions Strategies that I could use on teaching so as to meet each goal of placement comprises of the following: Strategies for content teaching area: Show high-level knowledge of the conceptual understanding and the structure and substance of the content and the teaching approaches of the area. Change activities that are engaging through the application of understanding of the content and the approaches on coaching area. Show support to the colleagues through the use of the comprehensive and current knowledge of the teaching strategies and content to develop and implement the teaching programs and engage in learning. Improve the content knowledge through initiatives of the lead within the schools to evaluate the strategies and show exemplary effectiveness in the teaching of the subjects, research that is based on the teaching programs and learning. Content selection and organization The efficient sequence in teaching and organization of the content. Content is organized into well sequenced learning and programs for teaching that is coherent. Content is organized in a way that exhibits practice that is innovative in the organization due to select the content and teaching programs and in learning the delivery method. Lead in the initiatives which utilize content comprehensive knowledge to improve the sequencing and selection of the material in a coherently teaching programs and organized learning. Structure, plan and sequence learning programs Plan of the lesson sequence through the use of student knowledge in Content and actual teaching approaches. Implement learning programs that are well structured and well planned or sequence of lessons designed that engage the student to promote the student learning and engage them. Work well with colleagues to evaluate, modify and plan programs on teaching that can create learning environments that are productive and engage all students. Lead fellow teachers in planning as they exhibit an exemplary practice to implement assessment the efficiency of their learning and teaching plans to develop the understanding of the students understanding and abilities. Use of strategies in teaching Incorporate a variety of teaching strategies. Select and make use of the teaching strategies that are relevant to develop the skills and knowledge problem skills and creative thinking. Show support to fellow teachers in the selection and useful application creative thinking and critical problem-solving. Work well with associates to review, modify and increase their training strategies skills to enable the student knows problem-solving skills and creative thinking. Establish learning goals that are challenging Set learning goals which provide possible challenges to students of with varying abilities and characteristics. Set goals for the students that are challenging, achievable and explicit. Develop a culture that is based on the high expectation for all the students through modelling and challenges setting. Show an exemplary practice that is of high expectation and guide fellow teachers to motivate students to pursue their goals in their education. Conclusion The Australian professional standards development for the teaching profession is critical part for the scoring of the quality teaching and learning in the Australian schools. With the implementation, the education system in Australia is strategically placed to be among the best globally. The values have been built upon the critical work that was previously undertaken in Australia. They are essential components on modification which have been reached upon in nationally partnership on the improvement of teachers quality that will help in the goal realization that were set out in Melbourne declaration (Education.uq.edu.au, 2013). References Acecqa.gov.au. (2011). Quality Area 1 Educational program and practice. [online] Available at: https://www.acecqa.gov.au/nqf/national-quality-standard/quality-area-1-educational-program-and-practice [Accessed 26 Mar. 2018]. Aitsl.edu.au. (2016). Understand the Teacher Standards. [online] Available at: https://www.aitsl.edu.au/teach/understand-the-teacher-standards [Accessed 26 Mar. 2018]. Education.uq.edu.au. (2013). Australian Professional Standards for Teachers. [online] Available at: https://education.uq.edu.au/files/275/QCT%20Australian%20Professional%20Standards%20for%20Teachers.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2018]. EduResearch Matters. (2013). Australian Professional Standards for Teachers are useful to teacher education students, heres how. [online] Available at: https://www.aare.edu.au/blog/?p=1857 [Accessed 26 Mar. 2018]. Education.gov.au. (2016). Teaching and School Leadership | Department of Education and Training. [online] Available at: https://www.education.gov.au/quality-teaching [Accessed 26 Mar. 2018]. Bibliography Australian Science Teachers Association, (2012). Professional standards for highly accomplished teachers of science. Celik, S., (2011). Characteristics and competencies for teacher educators: Addressing the need for improved professional standards in turkey. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 36(4), pp.73-87. Louden, W., (2000). Standards for standards: The development of Australian professional standards for teaching. Australian Journal of Education, 44(2), pp.118-134. Mayer, D., Mitchell, J., Macdonald, D. and Bell, R., (2005). Professional standards for teachers: A case study of professional learning. Asia?Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 33(2), pp.159-179. Sachs, J., (2011). Teacher professional identity: Competing discourses, competing outcomes. Journal of education policy, 16(2), pp.149-161.

12 Expository Essay Topics on Sanxingdui Culture

12 Expository Essay Topics on Sanxingdui Culture The ancient Chinese Sanxingdui culture is one of the mysterious cultures which researchers are still trying the best to learn about till this day. Understanding this fact, your instructor may recommend that you write an expository essay so that you can learn beyond your textbook and find new sources of information on this subject. Be forewarned: writing expository essays involves meticulous research about your chosen topic. As your essay cannot cover very broad themes, try to focus on a specific aspect instead. This lends your essay a logical flow and internal consistency. Besides, a few threads of ideas running through the text are easier to manage as compared to complex and multi-layered concepts. If you are assigned an expository essay on Sanxingdui culture, here are 12 facts you can use to come up with a topic for your essay and even use while writing it. If you would rather take a shortcut, check out our 20 expository essay topics on Sanxingdui culture. Here are the most useful facts about Sanxingdui culture: The village of Sanxingdui located in the Sichuan province of China was the stage of a major archeological find. In the year 1986, two huge sacrificial pits were unearthed. With this discovery, a lost chapter of Ancient Chinese history was also discovered. The pits were created by an ancient civilization which flourished in the region some 3000 5000 years ago. The Sanxingdui archeological site is located in the city of Guanghan, 40 km away from Chengdu. It has been internationally recognized as one of the most important ancient remains worldwide. The major factors which make it unique are its lengthy period of the reign, vast size and rich cultural contents. The discovery has turned Sichuan into a focal point in the study of ancient China. The pits were not the first time a major find had been unearthed. The first signs of the presence of an ancient civilization were discovered in 1929. A farmer digging in the area accidentally discovered a huge collection of well-preserved jade relics. Lots of Chinese archeologists tried to find more remains after the discovery, but nothing turned up. After decades of failure, two large pits were discovered in 1986, containing a large amount of artifacts, all of which had been broken, burned and then buried. The objects found in the pits were remarkable and showed that people had advanced technical and artistic skills. Archeologists found sculptures which had animal faces. Masks with open mouths, grinning teeth, and dragon ears were also found. Moreover, sculptures of snakes, dragons and different birds, a huge wand, a large sacrificial altar, a bronze tree 4 meters in length, rings, axes, and knives among hundreds of small objects were excavated. Of these objects, the most impressive one is probably the 2.62-meter tall bronze humanoid statue. Carbon dating of the artifacts shows that they belong to the time period between 12th – 11th centuries BC. The bronze statues were made using an advanced casting technique which involved mixing lead, copper and tin to create an alloy of superior strength and malleability. This enabled the people of that area to create statues of stunning length. The artistic style of all the artifacts found is quite unique. No other ancient Chinese culture is known to possess a similar style. Archeologists have linked the Sanxingdui culture with the ancient kingdom of Shu. They have also linked the artifacts to early legendary kings. However, the references to the Shu period are not very accurate because historical records for this period are scant. Sanxingdui at its prime was a metropolis; it covered an area of three square kilometers. Its people had a highly developed agricultural system and were capable of making wine and creating ceramics. The making of sacrificial tools and mining were common trades as well. Archaeological findings from the excavation sites show that the settlement at Sanxingdui was suddenly abandoned sometime around 1000 BC. The culture was at the peak of its development, which is why this unexplained end is a mystery which has not been solved yet. Archeologists and historians believe that these pits served as sacrificial sites. The ancient Shu people sought to appease to the earth, heaven, mountains, rivers and other gods by offering sacrifices to them. In fact, the artifacts found there, such as the human-like bronze statues and masks with animal-like faces, were representations of the gods worshipped by these people. Till this date, not much is known about the lives of the people of this ancient culture. The site does not contain any inscriptions. This Bronze Age civilization has gone unrecorded in ancient texts and, by all estimates, remained relatively unknown to the world. The discovery of the site created a fundamental shift in the way historians thought about Ancient China. Traditional views held that there was a single center of civilization in northern China, but Sanxingdui proved that multiple regional centers existed. The Sanxingdui culture most likely worshipped the sun and also their ancestors. There have been signs which point to the likelihood that ancestral and religious temples existed simultaneously. This leads historians to conclude that power was shared between the priest and the king. The Sanxingdui civilization is significantly different from the Xia-Shang Zhou civilization, and therefore enriches the pluralistic characteristic of Ancient Chinese civilizations. These facts can be used in your expository essay to illustrate the uniqueness of the archeological site and the Sanxingdui culture. If you need more information, you can check out the sources listed at the end of this page and learn more about this fascinating culture. If you need more help with the technicalities of writing an expository essay, check our guide on how to write an expository essay on Sanxingdui culture. References: Holloway, A. (2014). The Ancient Artefacts of Sanxingdui That Have Rewritten Chinese History. Epoch Times. Retrieved from http://printarchive.epochtimes.com/a1/en/sg/nnn/2014/09%20September%202014/495/SEPTEMBER19-OCTOBER2_18_lowres.pdf DONG, R. W., DONG, J. (2008). On Outstanding Eyes of Bronze Statuaries in Sanxingdui Relic. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Social Sciences), 2, 006. CHEN, C., YIN, M. (2005). Symbolic Research of the Bronze Trees from Sanxingdui [J]. Sichuan Cultural Relics, 6, 006. Ge, Y., Linduff, K. (1990). Sanxingdui: a new Bronze Age site in southwest China. Antiquity, 64(244), 505-513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00078406 Xing-shi, L. I. U. (2005). Sanxingdui Civilization and Ancient Geographic Environment [J]. Journal of Changdu University of Technology Social, 1, 000. Xu, J. (2003). Defining the Archaeological Cultures at the Sanxingdui Site. Journal Of East Asian Archaeology, 5(1), 149-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852303776173006 Hui, W. (2007). The Character of Sanxingdui Bronze Head Picture and the Origin of the Chu History Book TAOWU [J]. Journal of Historiography, 4, 007.

Welfare Reform essays

Welfare Reform essays The article The Shrinking Welfare State: The New Welfare Legislation and Families takes a look at the welfare reform that occurred starting in 1996. This article keys in on the negative outcomes that have resulted from welfare reform, and attempts to establish alternatives. I found this article to be very interesting, and it allowed me the opportunity to look at welfare with a much different perspective. It has always been my opinion that welfare is just a means to keep people comfortable with living at the poverty level. If the government is willing to provide something for nothing, why aspire to do anything more? This article has opened my eyes to a great deal of information that I would not have otherwise sought out on the topic of welfare, and has also altered some of my previous opinions on the welfare system. It has always been my opinion that the welfare system is too lenient. It gives individuals a safety net with no expectation that they will first attempt to fly on their own. With unemployment compensation individuals are required to continue looking for gainful employment, and the benefits will only be provided for a set amount of time. In the original welfare system there was no time limit, and no obligation to find work. Mothers were provided with more financial assistance with each child they delivered, which in my opinion promoted the idea of having more children to make more money. I found it very interesting that since 1970, the average monthly payment from AFDC has decreased by almost 50 percent, and that in states with lower benefits rates the illegitimacy rate is higher (cited in Post, Lawrence, ...

The fundamentality of Holdens alienation-- a form of self protection Essay

The fundamentality of Holdens alienation-- a form of self protection to resist the process of maturity - Essay Example The book was banned in certain communities, however, because of Salinger's free language and frequent use of profanity. Catcher in the Rye is a book about an adolescent boy caught between desire to appear grown-up and suave, while at the same time being repulsed by what he feels is phoniness in the adult world. The novel represents Holden Caulfield's attempts to come to terms with both of these polarities. Throughout the novel, the reader is presented time and time again with Holden's revolving patterns-his attempt to connect and his habit of alienating himself both from the adult world and people he meets. This essay will take a look at Holden's patterns of alienation, which in the writer's opinion represent his attempt to avoid the process of maturity. By constantly 'running away' Holden manages to evade the demands and pressures The novel describes a period of time of three days in Holden Caulfield's life. Holden sums it up in his talk with the psychiatrist: "I'll just tell you about this madman stuff that happened to me around last Christmas just before I got pretty run-down and had to come out here and take it easy." (The Catcher in the Rye, 1) "If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you'll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth," (1) This first interaction that we witness already sets forth some of Holden's patterns. Holden anticipates what the psychiatrist will ask him, but has no desire to talk about details. This is one of Holden's repeating patterns throughout the novel-he reveals only as much as he sees fit, but rarely does he tell the whole truth. He does not feel comfortable revealing his inner self to an adult, and we will see this again and again in the novel. But his attitude about sharing is not limited to adults only; Holden often "shoots the bull" with his peers as well, but his words are evasive. The bottom line of his resistance to self-disclosure is that he does not feel comfortable in the world. In fact, he feels that he is a part of the world in which he feels he does not really belong. This is often a typical adolescent attitude, but what sets Holden apart from his peers is that he searches for the truth, the truth about himself and the truth connected to innocence. Holden's story starts on "the day [he] left Pencey Prep" (The Catcher in the Rye, 2). There is a football game going on, but Holden does not participate. He instead wishes to feel some kind of good-bye as he is leaving the school. Holden is getting kicked out as he did not "apply [himself]" (4) enough to the subjects. His non-committal attitude towards the school work might be puzzling to the reader, as he is very bright, but it reveals his deep resistance to "play the game" of life by the rules set forth by others. He does not believe