Critical Path Method - 803 Words

CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CEE 320 – VDC SEMINAR) 4 February 2009 Jesse Santiago Desirae Magallon Overview Background History CPM Defined The CPM approach Definitions Class Exercise Background History Developed in the 1950s by the US Navy Originally, the critical path method considered only logical dependencies between terminal elements Since then, it has been expanded to allow for the inclusion of resources related to each activity, through processes called activity-based resource assignments and resource leveling. Critical Path Method for the construction industry Non-computer approach John Fondahl John Fondahl Stanford CE Professor Emeritus – 35 years Passed away last September 13th, 2008 US Marine Corps Sergeant in†¦show more content†¦Critical activity – activity with zero float Resource leveling – iterative process of assigning crews to activities in order to calculate their duration Definitions Activity Identity box Early Start (ES) Early Finish (EF) Activity ID Late Start (LS) Late Finish (LF) Duration Class Exercise A STAR T C G H B D F Activity ID A B C D E F G H Duration 7 3 6 3 3 2 3 2 A B D,F B C E,G Dependency E Class Exercise 0 A 0 7 7 7 7 7 C 6 13 13 13 13 G 3 16 16 H 16 0 B 7 3 10 10 3 3 D 3 13 13 6 6 E 3 16 9 2 18 18 16 3 F 11 5 2 13 Class Exercise Gantt Chart Summary Critical Path Analysis is an effective and powerful method of assessing: Tasks which must be carried out Where parallel activity can be carried out The shortest time in which a project can be completed Resources needed to achieve a project The sequence of activities, scheduling, and timings involved Task priorities References Fondahl, John W., â€Å"Non-Computer Approach to the Critical Path Method for the Construction Industry†, Report #9, Stanford University, 1961 Fondahl, John W. â€Å"The History of Modern Project Management – Precedence Diagramming Methods: Origins and Early Development†. Project Management Journal. Volume XVIII. No. 2. June 1987. Hendrickson, Chris Au, Tung, Project Management for Construction, Prentice Hall, 1989 Weber, Sandra C., Scheduling ConstructionShow MoreRelatedThe Critical Path Method ( Cpm )1023 Words   |  5 Pagesbusiness, project management is critically important. The critical path method (CPM) will provide a timeline for the project manager for when tasks should be completed. In addition, providing a deadline and the negative effects it will have on the following successors if not completed on time. These many task are interdepended. Therefore, the CPM provides the start and finishes times of the tasks, and identifies the few tasks on the crit ical path that the project manager should observe to determine whichRead MoreApplying Pert And Critical Path Method1181 Words   |  5 PagesAPPLYING PERT AND CRITICAL PATH METHOD IN EVENT MANAGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. METHODOLOGY 4. FIGURES 5. METHODOLOGY 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES LIST OF FIGURES 1. Representing the activities to be performed, the necessary time and its costs 2. Chart PERT representing the tasks between the time and costs of the organization trainer 3. The PERT chart representing the critical path, its cost and the total time of dance training. 4. Representing theRead MoreCritical Path Method ( Cpm ) Technique1450 Words   |  6 PagesCRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM) TECHNIQUE Critical Path Method has been extensively used for planning and scheduling construction work for decades. As mentioned earlier, the study conducted by Tavakoli and Riachi (1990) results from responding industries has shown overwhelming satisfaction of using the CPM technique for planning and scheduling projects. The first steps in building the CPM technique is the activity list. Activity is defined as a task that consumes time and other resources for completingRead MoreCritical Path Method and Century Health Clinic1047 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Note: ALL assignments are required to have a TITLE page which must include the course number and section, team member names, assignment number and due date. Any written component must be prepared using a word processor. Diagrams, charts, and graphs should be constructed using computer software. A portion of the marks for computer constructed diagrams is awarded for professionalism of display. Written answers are to be expressed in complete thoughts. Check spelling and grammar. Answers to assignmentRead MoreExam: Critical Path Method and Project Management Techniques6905 Words   |  28 Pagestasks. b. Gantt charts give a timeline for each of a project s activities, but do not adequately show the interrelationships of activities. c. Project organization is most suitable for projects that are temporary but critical to the organization. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. a (Project planning, moderate) 2. Which of the following statements regarding Gantt chartsRead MoreThe Critical Path Method ( Cpm )1002 Words   |  5 Pages The critical path method (CPM) is a step-by-step project management technique for process orchestrating that defines critical and non-critical tasks with the goal of averting time-frame quandaries and process bottlenecks. The CPM is ideally suited to projects consisting of numerous activities that interact in an involute manner. Then the connections between the tasks, kenned as dependencies, are established. By following a path route among the project tasks that isRead MoreThe Critical Path Method ( Cpm )1113 Words   |  5 PagesJuly 6, 2015 MGT645: Project Management Essentials Professor James Marion Briefly describe â€Å"critical path.† Be sure to include in your description how critical path is determined, and why it is important. The critical path method (CPM) is a step-by-step project management technique for process orchestrating that defines critical and non-critical tasks with the goal of averting time-frame quandaries and process bottlenecks. The CPM is ideally suited to projects consistingRead MoreNetwork Diagram, And Critical Path Method1313 Words   |  6 Pagespoor quality. Accordingly, a project manager should consider the work space as one of the important factor during a construction. According to Chau et al. 2004, Mallasi 2006, and Wang et al. 2004, although the grant chart, network diagram, and critical path method are some existing construction planning techniques, they have some limitations to demonstrate the three-dimensional features of activities. In addition, it is difficult even for expert project managers to manage work-space problems and theirRead MoreCPM or Critical Path Method for Healthcare1099 Words   |  4 Pagesdeliverables. Further analysis process has four pages: creation of a model of how we will perform the work, secondly an estimation of activity durations, timing calculation of the activities and forth the presenting of the results. A more appropriate path is to follow a â€Å"start-to-finish† dependency. First a questionnaire must take place and then send it to the involved departments in our subsidiaries, duration of this task is about 2 weeks including replies. In the mean time starts the procedure ofRead MoreThree Point Technique to Estimate Task Duration, Es-Ef, Ls-Lf Procedure to Indentify Critical Path.1261 Words   |  6 Pagesduration serially would give us 70 weeks. But some tasks within some activities can be done in parallel sequence or simultaneously, which would significantly reduce the construction project completion time using the critical path method (CPM). In this method the longest path is the critical path which runs through one of the route in the project network diagram from start to finish. This project network diagram is illustrated on the printed assignment page, we have 10 tasks listed from A to J. Below is

Assfd free essay sample

Repeat steps 1 through 10 another 7 times, constantly cycling through a different genre of music or no music at all each time 12 Once all the results for each workout are recorded, rate each workout out of 10. Note: Make sure that for both running and weight lifting you run the same distance each time and complete the same workout routine for accurate results. Rest Its: Discussion: If rusty, according to the tables shown, listening to music during exercise does actually have a significant effect on your motivation and overall physical performance.But surprisingly, not all genres of music improve your reference during exercise. Whilst not listening to music during both running and weight lifting has the lowest metaphors of 42. 5%, Classical and Jazz music is not far behind at 47. 5%. Although, after paying close attention to the second graph showing the results of music separately on weight lifting and running, noticed that not listening to music is actually more effective than listening to Jazz and Classical music when it comes to running by 10%. We will write a custom essay sample on Assfd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reason believe this happens is because the general slow pace of the classical concertos and jazz tunes in my plastic are consistent enough to slow own my average running speed significantly.I felt less motivated when running to Classical and Jazz music; it was harder to push myself when it felt odd and tricky to keep in time with my steps when had to run faster than the music was playing, so I generally kept in time with the slow music to reduce confusion, ultimately slowing down my running time significantly. At least when I didnt listen to music I had the freedom to push myself to run faster at certain points and take it easy at others as oppose to being stuck at one generally slow pace. Alternately, listening to Electronic/Dance music and Rock/Metal music during the two exercises both dramatically improved my results in different ways.Whilst the moderate-fast pace and extremely loud volume of Rock and Heavy Metal did provide good results for my running, averaging at a good pa ce of 3. Mm/s, these genres of music were much more influential during my workouts. As oppose to Electronic/Dance music, which had the opposite effect, being effective in workouts, but even more so when Running. It only makes sense that the catchy, repetitive riffs consistent in Electronic and Dance music, as well as the incredibly high tempos always kept e running faster and harder just to keep up with the music, this type of music was the most effective, allowing me to run at a peak pace of 3. Mm/s. But although being effective in my weightlifting sessions as well, the pace of Electronic and Dance music was generally too fast.

The Purpose of Planning Communication Essay Example

The Purpose of Planning Communication Paper Understand the purpose of planning communication 1. 1 Explain the benefits of knowing the purpose of communication The purpose of communication is to allow the exchange of information, ideas, concepts, emotions, thoughts and opinions. The benefit of knowing this is so you can use communication as a tool, it is needed to be able to learn, teach and explain things to others. We communicate in a Business Environment to maintain effective and efficient ways of working and to listen to and try to solve each others problems. 1.2Explain the reasons for knowing the audience to whom comma annunciations are presented By knowing who your audience is it is easier to adapt your communication appropriately. Your tone and format will differ depending on who is receiving the communication as will your body language, for example when talking amongst friends, you are likely to talk informally with more relaxed body language whereas when talking to a senior manager you would put more thought into what you were saying and the words you choose as well as standing up straight, smiling etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of Planning Communication specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of Planning Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of Planning Communication specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The reasons we change the way we ammunition to different audiences is to give off the right impression and to get whatnot want to say across appropriately, effectively and efficiently. 1.3 Explain the purpose of knowing the intended outcomes of communications Knowing the intended outcomes of communications helps inform you if the information you provided was satisfactory and up to the right standard or if they needed more from you. 1. 4 Describe different methods of communication and when to use them There are five different methods of communication; verbal, non verbal, informal, formal and body language. Verbal Verbal communication is the act of conveying thoughts, feelings and ideas through the use of speech. It is the most effective type of communication and should be used when an immediate response is needed, which can be sought face to face or over the phone. Verbal is also a preferred method when information is confidential. Non-verbal This type of communication is one that does not Involve speech. Examples of non-verbal communications are written, facial expressions, gestures and sign language. Written communication can be used to have a hard copy/record of an agreement or conversation. Facial expressions and gestures can be very helpful to portray your feelings and helps you determine if the person you are speaking to understands what youre saying. Informal Informal communication can come in many forms, a face to face chat, phone call, text, e-mail, post it note or an informal meeting for a catch up. This is used day in day out amongst friends and colleagues. This is usually used when the people communicating know each other; an example of this would be starting an e-mail with Hi rather than Dear Mr.. Formal Formal communication is usually used when communicating with customers/ linens depending on the relationship held with them or when procedures and orders are being followed. This is, in most cases, the format used automatically when communicating in business with people you do not know. Body Language Body language is the most honest method Of communication; it can be relied on by the hard of hearing or talking to help them get their point across and understand others. It helps people judge who they think is approachable and can assist when there is a language barrier. . Understand how to communicate in writing 2. 1 Identify relevant sources of information that may be used when preparing Ritter communication Sources of information can be classed as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Primary When information is primarily sourced it is gathered by a person directly in contact with the event or incident. These are the authentic facts that havent undergone any changes. Examples of these include: Diaries Letters E-mails interviews Sue reeves Secondary A secondary source of information is interpreted or analyses data of the primary source. Examples Of these include: Books Magazine and newspaper articles Commentaries Textbooks Tertiary Tertiary sources consist of information which is a combination of primary and secondary sources. Examples of these include: Manuals Directories Fact books Bibliographies 2. 2 Describe the communication principles for using electronic forms of written communication in a business environment. Electronic forms of data or communication are e-mails, faxes etc. When choosing electronic communications for exchange of information, you should think carefully to decide which the best and most efficient method of communication is. 2. 3 Explain different styles and tones of language and situations when they may be used for written communications. Colloquial, casual, and formal rioting are different styles of writing that have their own expectations and outcomes. The style of writing also depends on the purpose of what is intended to say, how it is intended to say, what the document will be used for and the audience. Colloquial Language Colloquial is an informal, conversational style of writing. Casual language is something that we use to communicate with family and close friends. It uses informal words that we use normally on a daily basis. Formal Language Formal language is used in business communications. It depends on the words you use, the way you use and relates to your role. You need to be personally well presented and the language has formal words with proper syntax, good vocabulary and excellent grammar which are more important. 2. 4 Explain the reasons for selecting and using language that suits the purpose of written communication. The purpose of written communication is to contact people in a more professional way. See 1. 4 under Formal. 2. 5 Describe the ways of organizing, structuring and presenting written information so it meets the needs of different audiences. When organizing, structuring and presenting written information we have to bear in mind the allowing. Prepare all the documents for presentation depending on what has to be delivered. Keep documents in the correct order, so that the communication goes in a proper flow without any confusions and errors. While presenting, be clear in what you talk stating the objectives. Give an introduction on what you are going to present, why you are writing to them, why the audience is receiving the written communication. Present it step by step clearly using proper resources where needed. In the end, close it down making clear that all objectives were covered. Inform the audience what will append next and what actions have to be implemented. 2. 6 Describe ways of checking for the accuracy of content in written information. Any written communication has to be free of spelling and grammatical errors. It also has to be in the right and professional format. So the following have to be checked or considered before the document is finalized to be sent out. Check the points written down: Whatever we write has to be accurate, otherwise it will have disastrous effects and can even ruin the reputation of the organization, and the organization can itself get into trouble. So all details have to be double checked for example dates, names, statistics, events, discussions, actions and other facts. If you are unsure of anything, make sure you check with knowledgeable or experienced people and update the written document. Spell check and Grammar check: Spell-check is an option available to easily correct typo errors. Sometimes it will not be 100% accurate, because if you had typed a word instead of another, then spell check will not be able to trace it. So it is always best to check through the document twice before sending it out. 3. Use a Template: Usually every organization has a different style for documents they produce. They will all be available as templates which one can use to easily input data. In case there isnt a template available, you should research through to find the correct style for the document that you produce depending on needs, department and organization and follow the style guide to produce the document. As an organization, documents have to be produced in a standard and professional format. 4. Have someone else check your work: Another way to ensure accuracy is to have your document read by another reader. Sometimes when we read through our own work, minor or sometimes major errors can be hard to detect. Grammatical, punctuation and style errors can be picked up if the reader is an experienced person. 2. 7 Explain the purpose of accurate use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. The main purpose in the correct use of grammar, punctuation and spelling is ensuring the receiver of the information reads it the way it was intended. Addition to this when given a task to do, your employer expects you to do it perfectly. When a document has inaccuracies, readers tend to distrust everything, including the statistics, opinions, and facts. For progression in the company you need to ensure you carry out all tasks to a certain standard. 2. 8 Explain what is meant by plain English, and why it is used. Plain English is plain language used for communication that emphasis clarity and avoids technical language. Plain English is used so that what you try to communicate is easily understood by everyone and is appropriate to their reading skills and knowledge. 2. 9 Explain the purpose of proofreading and checking written work. Any work that is written has to be proofread and checked especially if it is important written work.

History of the Invention of Fireworks

History of the Invention of Fireworks Many people associate fireworks with Independence Day, but their original use was in New Years celebrations. Do you know how fireworks were invented? Legend tells of a Chinese cook who accidentally spilled saltpeter into a cooking fire, producing an interesting flame. Saltpeter, an ingredient in gunpowder, was used as a flavoring salt sometimes. The other gunpowder ingredients, charcoal and sulfur, also were common in early fires. Though the mixture burned with a pretty flame in a fire, it exploded if it was enclosed in a bamboo tube. History This serendipitous invention of gunpowder appears to have occurred about 2000 years ago, with exploding firecrackers produced later during the Song dynasty (960-1279) by a Chinese monk named Li Tian, who lived near the city of Liu Yang in Hunan Province. These firecrackers were bamboo shoots filled with gunpowder. They were exploded at the commencement of the new year to scare away evil spirits. Much of the modern focus of fireworks is on light and color, but loud noise (known as gung pow or bian pao) was desirable in a religious firework, since that was what frightened the spirits. By the 15th century, fireworks were a traditional part of other celebrations, such as military victories and weddings. The Chinese story is well-known, though its possible fireworks really were invented in India or Arabia. From Firecrackers to Rockets In addition to exploding gunpowder for firecrackers, the Chinese used gunpowder combustion for propulsion. Handcarved wooden rockets, shaped like dragons, shot rocket-powered arrows at the Mongol invaders in 1279. Explorers took knowledge of gunpowder, fireworks, and rockets back with them when they returned home. Arabians in the 7th century referred to rockets as Chinese arrows. Marco Polo is credited with bringing gunpowder to Europe in the 13th century. The crusaders also brought the information with them. Beyond Gunpowder Many fireworks are made in much the same way today as they were hundreds of years ago. However, some modifications have been made. Modern fireworks may include designer colors, like salmon, pink, and aqua, that werent available in the past. In 2004, Disneyland in California starting launching fireworks using compressed air rather than gunpowder. Electronic timers were used to explode the shells. That was the first time the launch system was used commercially, allowing for increased accuracy in timing (so shows could be put to music) and reducing smoke and fumes from big displays.

Advance coaching in sport (topic expertise) Assignment

Advance coaching in sport (topic expertise) - Assignment Example Competition works as a platform of evaluating the effectiveness of previous training. Expert Coaches have distinctive characteristics that will either make them win or lose competitions. Levels of expertise in coaching depend on the number of tiles athletes win and the period the Coach serves in the field of sports (McCarthy & Ahrens 2011). Coaches would take most of their times in areas with athletes to improve their performing standards. Coaches should be precisely smart in planning and executing their mandates. Development of an athlete relies on the behavior and beliefs of expert coaches. Core objective of this task is to ascertain the development process to qualify as an expert coach, establish the characteristic of an expert coach, and enhance relationship between a coach and an athlete (Gallo 2015). There are a number of theories explaining the significant of sporting and coaching in lives of the people and the society such as behaviorism (knowledge of coach), Dynamic and environmental changes (coach contexts). This article should stand toll in describing various critics surrounding the coaching expertise. It focuses on conceptualizing the whole notion of coaching expertise (Goldsmith, Lyons & McArthur 2012). Theoretical models are relevant variables that affect coaching course and the overall result of coaching. Various theories relate to coaching’s effectiveness and expertise. These theories are based on coaching contexts, athletes’ outcomes, and the coaches’ knowledge (behaviors, dispositions, education, and coaches’ experiences). First component of a conceptual model is the coaching contexts, which is all about dynamicity of the environment. This part explains settings that a coach would lay to improve performance of an athlete. Parameters are critical in effective coaching (Potrac, Jones & Armour 2002).

Industrial ergonomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industrial ergonomics - Essay Example Task analysis applies the use of ergonomic sciences. Ergonomics is the field of science that aims at creating tasks and tools that suit employees in their respective duties at the workplace. Ergonomics looks at the tasks, tools, machines, workplace layouts, and the entire organisation to determine their suitability for employees rather than employees fitting to these aspects of an organisation. Therefore, a clear understanding of task analysis plays a key role in assisting supervisors and managers in identifying ergonomic health hazards and creating solutions to eliminate such hazards. With proper measures in place, risks of cumulative trauma disorders, back pains and costs related to treatment of such disorders can be significantly reduced at workplaces (Deeb, 2004). According to Jonassen (1999), on the other hand, task analysis refers to systematic assessment of how tasks are accomplished. In task analysis, serious attention is given to task duration, task frequency, task complexity, task allocation, work environment, clothing and equipments, and employee fitness. Information obtained from task analysis is helpful in various areas within an organisation, which include designing of tools and equipments, selection and training of employees, designing of procedures, and automation within an organisation. Task analysis courses are available for managers, supervisors and persons working in ergonomic committees. People who undertake this course acquire training on conducting ergonomic task analysis by looking into how employees perform their duties, as well as formulating measures that adapt employees to their work. Different methods of task analysis exist, but for one to decide the most suitable method, a good understanding of the analysis to perform is required. There are five types of task analyses that are available that include job analysis, learning analysis, cognitive task analysis, content analysis, and activity analysis. Different

Hunting - species Essay Example for Free

Hunting species Essay Provide several reasons why the elephant is an endangered species 1〠Population growth and migration poses a great threat to elephant survival 2〠Forest elephant lives is illegal logging by humans, Habitat of forest fires so that they become smaller and smaller. 3〠In order to get the elephants teeth, skin, bone, gall and by human hunting. 4〠Elephants character more docile, circus training and hunting with them Elephants mass suicide should be an important reason for the reduction in the number of elephants. [pic] http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480z=tn=baiduimagedetailword=%C8%CB%C0%E0%C6%C6%BB%B5%B4%F3%CF%F3%C6%DC%CF%A2%B5%D8in=5790cl=2lm=-1st=-1pn=1rn=1di=62303643165ln=1991fr=fm=resultfmq=1332407214005_Ric=0s=0se=1sme=0tab=width=height=face=0is=istype=2#pn10-1di31330369530objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fimage2.sina.com.cn%2FIT%2Ful%2F2006%2F1001%2FU68P2DT20061001143048.jpgfromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Ftech.sina.com.cn%2Fd%2F2006-10-01%2F14171168876.shtmlW298H450T9883S22TPjpg. [pic] http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480z=tn=baiduimagedetailword=%C8%CB%C0%E0%C6%C6%BB%B5%B4%F3%CF%F3%C6%DC%CF%A2%B5%D8in=5790cl=2lm=-1st=-1pn=1rn=1di=62303643165ln=1991fr=fm=resultfmq=1332407214005_Ric=0s=0se=1sme=0tab=width=height=face=0is=istype=2#pn24-1di90139524615objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iouter.com%2Fupload%2F2007_06%2F070601140920491.jpgfromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.iouter.com%2Fn12632c16.aspxW400H284T9409S44TPjpg.